A – Asthma

Causes / Risk Factors: Genetics, allergies, respiratory infections, pollution, smoke exposure.
Symptoms / Signs: Wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing at night or during exercise.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Avoid triggers (dust, smoke, pollen), maintain clean air, follow prescribed exercise plans.
Treatment / Management: Rescue and preventive inhalers, asthma action plan, regular monitoring.
When to Seek Care: Severe breathing difficulty, blue lips, rescue inhaler ineffective, frequent attacks.

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B – Bronchiolitis

Causes / Risk Factors: Viral infections (commonly RSV), premature birth, weakened immunity.
Symptoms / Signs: Coughing, wheezing, rapid breathing, feeding difficulties.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Hand hygiene, avoid sick contacts, vaccination (RSV prophylaxis for high-risk infants).
Treatment / Management: Supportive care (hydration, oxygen if needed), hospital care in severe cases.
When to Seek Care: Trouble breathing, dehydration, persistent high fever, lethargy.

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C – Colds & Cough

Causes / Risk Factors: Viral infections (rhinovirus, influenza), close contact in schools/daycare.
Symptoms / Signs: Runny nose, sneezing, mild fever, cough, fatigue.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Handwashing, avoid sharing utensils, annual flu vaccination.
Treatment / Management: Hydration, rest, fever control with age-appropriate medications, honey for cough (if >1 year).
When to Seek Care: High fever, difficulty breathing, wheezing, prolonged symptoms >10 days.

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D – Diabetes (Type 1 & 2)

Causes / Risk Factors:

• Type 1: Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells.

• Type 2: Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history.

Symptoms / Signs: Frequent urination, excessive thirst, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Balanced diet, physical activity, weight management (Type 2).
Treatment / Management: Insulin therapy (Type 1), diet and lifestyle modification (Type 2), blood sugar monitoring.
When to Seek Care: Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia symptoms, vomiting, lethargy, fruity-smelling breath.

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E – Ear Infections (Otitis Media)

Causes / Risk Factors: Bacterial or viral infections, allergies, sinus infections, daycare exposure.
Symptoms / Signs: Ear pain, tugging at ears, fever, irritability, fluid drainage.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Vaccinations, breastfeeding, avoid secondhand smoke, proper hand hygiene.
Treatment / Management: Pain management, antibiotics if bacterial, monitoring.
When to Seek Care: Severe pain, high fever, fluid drainage, hearing loss, persistent symptoms.

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F – Fever

Causes / Risk Factors: Infection (viral or bacterial), immunization response, inflammatory conditions.
Symptoms / Signs: Elevated body temperature, chills, irritability, fatigue.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Hand hygiene, vaccinations, good nutrition, adequate rest.
Treatment / Management: Hydration, age-appropriate antipyretics, monitor for other symptoms.
When to Seek Care: Fever >104°F, persistent >3 days, lethargy, difficulty breathing, seizure.

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G – Growth & Development

Causes / Risk Factors: Genetics, nutrition, chronic illness, hormonal disorders.
Symptoms / Signs: Delayed milestones, abnormal growth patterns, behavioral differences.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Balanced nutrition, regular check-ups, early interventions if delays noted.
Treatment / Management: Referral to specialists, therapy as needed, monitoring growth charts.
When to Seek Care: Falling off growth curve, missed milestones, unexplained weight loss/gain.

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H – Headaches & Migraines

Causes / Risk Factors: Stress, dehydration, vision problems, hormonal changes, genetics.
Symptoms / Signs: Throbbing or pressure headaches, nausea, light sensitivity, irritability.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Adequate sleep, hydration, balanced meals, screen time limits.
Treatment / Management: Pain relievers (age-appropriate), rest in dark room, hydration, migraine management plan.
When to Seek Care: Sudden severe headache, neurological changes, vomiting, vision changes.

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I – Immunizations

Causes / Risk Factors: N/A (Preventive health measure).
Symptoms / Signs: Mild fever, soreness at injection site, fatigue.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Follow CDC vaccination schedule, maintain records.
Treatment / Management: Symptom relief if mild reactions, monitor for rare serious reactions.
When to Seek Care: Severe allergic reaction (hives, swelling, difficulty breathing).

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J – Jaundice (Newborn)

Causes / Risk Factors: Excess bilirubin due to immature liver, breastfeeding issues, blood type incompatibility.
Symptoms / Signs: Yellowing of skin and eyes, lethargy, poor feeding.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Early and frequent breastfeeding, monitoring bilirubin levels.
Treatment / Management: Phototherapy, exchange transfusion in severe cases, supportive care.
When to Seek Care: Jaundice within 24 hours of birth, very dark urine, poor feeding, lethargy.

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K – Kidney & Urinary Tract Infections

Causes / Risk Factors: Bacterial infection, urinary reflux, congenital abnormalities, poor hygiene.
Symptoms / Signs: Fever, pain while urinating, abdominal/back pain, frequent urination, foul-smelling urine.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Adequate hydration, proper toilet hygiene, prompt treatment of infections.
Treatment / Management: Antibiotics, follow-up imaging if recurrent, hydration.
When to Seek Care: Fever in infants, persistent pain, vomiting, blood in urine.

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L – Learning & Behavioral Disorders

Causes / Risk Factors: Genetic, neurological, environmental, trauma, early-life stress.
Symptoms / Signs: Difficulty reading, attention problems, social challenges, repetitive behaviors.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Early screening, supportive learning environment, consistent routines.
Treatment / Management: Individualized education plans, therapy, medications as needed, parental guidance.
When to Seek Care: School performance severely affected, self-harm risk, aggressive behaviors.

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M – Mental Health

Causes / Risk Factors: Genetics, trauma, bullying, family stress, medical conditions.
Symptoms / Signs: Anxiety, sadness, irritability, sleep disturbances, social withdrawal.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Positive family environment, stress management, open communication.
Treatment / Management: Counseling, therapy, medications if prescribed, school support.
When to Seek Care: Self-harm thoughts, severe anxiety or depression, inability to function daily.

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N – Nutrition

Causes / Risk Factors: Poor diet, limited access to healthy foods, picky eating, medical conditions.
Symptoms / Signs: Fatigue, poor growth, frequent illness, nutrient deficiencies.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Balanced meals with fruits, vegetables, protein, whole grains, hydration.
Treatment / Management: Dietary interventions, supplementation if needed, education for families.
When to Seek Care: Persistent poor growth, signs of malnutrition, food allergies.

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O – Obesity

Causes / Risk Factors: Sedentary lifestyle, high-calorie diet, genetics, hormonal issues.
Symptoms / Signs: Excess body fat, fatigue, joint pain, early puberty.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Physical activity, healthy diet, limit screen time, family involvement.
Treatment / Management: Nutrition counseling, exercise programs, behavioral therapy, medical evaluation.
When to Seek Care: Rapid weight gain, comorbid conditions (diabetes, hypertension), psychosocial distress.

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P – Preventable Diseases

Causes / Risk Factors: Lack of vaccination, poor hygiene, exposure to pathogens.
Symptoms / Signs: Disease-specific (e.g., rash, fever, cough, vomiting).
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Complete vaccination schedule, hand hygiene, safe food practices.
Treatment / Management: Supportive care, antiviral or antibiotic treatment if indicated.
When to Seek Care: Severe symptoms, high fever, breathing difficulty, signs of dehydration.

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Q – Quarantine & Infectious Diseases

Causes / Risk Factors: Contagious pathogens (COVID-19, influenza, measles).
Symptoms / Signs: Fever, cough, fatigue, body aches, gastrointestinal symptoms.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Isolation when sick, handwashing, masks if advised, vaccination.
Treatment / Management: Symptom management, hydration, follow public health guidelines.
When to Seek Care: Breathing difficulty, persistent fever, severe weakness, dehydration.

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R – Respiratory Conditions

Causes / Risk Factors: Viral or bacterial infections, allergies, environmental triggers.
Symptoms / Signs: Cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Vaccination, avoid smoke exposure, good hygiene.
Treatment / Management: Inhalers for asthma, antibiotics for bacterial infections, supportive care.
When to Seek Care: Trouble breathing, blue lips, severe fever, persistent wheezing.

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S – Skin Conditions

Causes / Risk Factors: Allergies, infections, irritants, genetics.
Symptoms / Signs: Rashes, redness, itching, dryness, blisters.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Moisturize, avoid allergens, sun protection, hygiene.
Treatment / Management: Topical creams, antihistamines, antibiotics if infected.
When to Seek Care: Spreading rash, fever, pain, signs of infection.

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T – Trauma & Injuries

Causes / Risk Factors: Falls, sports, accidents, unsafe environments.
Symptoms / Signs: Bruising, fractures, head injury symptoms, lacerations.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Helmets, seatbelts, supervision, safe play areas.
Treatment / Management: Wound care, splints/casts, pain management, monitoring.
When to Seek Care: Head injury with vomiting, loss of consciousness, deep cuts, broken bones.

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U – Upper Respiratory Infections

Causes / Risk Factors: Viruses (cold, flu, RSV), school/daycare exposure.
Symptoms / Signs: Runny nose, sore throat, mild fever, cough.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Hand hygiene, vaccinations, avoid sick contacts.
Treatment / Management: Rest, hydration, symptom relief (antipyretics, saline nasal spray).
When to Seek Care: Breathing difficulty, persistent fever, worsening symptoms.

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V – Vision & Eye Health

Causes / Risk Factors: Genetics, prematurity, eye injuries, infections.
Symptoms / Signs: Squinting, eye rubbing, poor academic performance, frequent headaches.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Regular screenings, limit screen time, protective eyewear.
Treatment / Management: Corrective lenses, patching therapy, surgery if indicated.
When to Seek Care: Sudden vision loss, eye trauma, persistent redness or discharge.

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W – Weight Management

Causes / Risk Factors: Poor diet, inactivity, hormonal disorders.
Symptoms / Signs: Overweight or underweight, low energy, growth abnormalities.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Balanced nutrition, regular exercise, family involvement.
Treatment / Management: Diet and exercise programs, medical evaluation for underlying conditions.
When to Seek Care: Rapid weight changes, failure to grow, obesity-related health issues.

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X – X-linked Disorders

Causes / Risk Factors: Genetic mutations on X chromosome (e.g., hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy).
Symptoms / Signs: Bleeding tendencies, muscle weakness, delayed motor skills.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Genetic counseling for at-risk families.
Treatment / Management: Supportive care, physiotherapy, factor replacement therapy for hemophilia.
When to Seek Care: Excessive bleeding, loss of mobility, developmental delays.

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Y – Young Children’s Sleep

Causes / Risk Factors: Poor sleep hygiene, medical conditions, inconsistent routines.
Symptoms / Signs: Daytime sleepiness, irritability, poor concentration, growth issues.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Consistent bedtime routines, quiet environment, limit screens.
Treatment / Management: Behavioral interventions, sleep training, addressing underlying medical causes.
When to Seek Care: Persistent insomnia, breathing difficulties during sleep, excessive daytime fatigue.

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Z – Zinc & Micronutrients

Causes / Risk Factors: Poor diet, malabsorption, chronic illness.
Symptoms / Signs: Growth retardation, frequent infections, delayed wound healing.
Prevention / Healthy Practices: Balanced diet with zinc-rich foods (meat, legumes, nuts), supplementation if advised.
Treatment / Management: Dietary supplementation, treat underlying deficiencies.
When to Seek Care: Signs of severe deficiency, growth delays, recurrent infections.